Yes, all emergency lights and lighted emergency exit signs use a battery for powering the lamps. In order to insure continuous readiness and operation of the emergency light, these batteries are rechargeable. Circuitry within the emergency light both charges the battery and insures that it stays charged.
There are four main types of batteries used in emergency exit signage and lighting: Lead Calcium batteries, Ni-Cad (Nickel-Cadmium) batteries, Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries, and Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries.
A Nickel-cadmium or Ni-Cd Battery is a rechargeable battery which uses nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes. The most of these batteries have the cell potential of about 1.2 volts. Because NiCd batteries are fairly cheap to produce, they're also relatively cheap to buy and are used for several diverse kinds of devices.
Batteries for emergency lighting must be regularly cleaned and tested to ensure they are still operational and the lighting is not dimmed.
Self-discharge rates vary among rechargeable batteries. For LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries, the discharge rate is only 3-5% per month, whereas NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) batteries can lose up to 20% per month thereafter (depending on temperature).
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-Ion) are the newest technology in rechargeable batteries to be introduced to cordless power tools. They are definitely the best choice of the three types of batteries
Emergency lights typically have a battery back-up that will operate the light in the event the power goes out, regardless of if there’s a generator for back-up power. Exit signs can and should also have a battery, especially if the building doesn’t have generator.
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